Comparing the Use of Setting in The Shawl and The Portable Phonograph E

Use of Setting in "The Shawl" and "The Portable Phonograph"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In literature, setting is often used to enhance or develop characters, provide realism, and create a mood or atmosphere for a story (Roberts 256). Two short stories, "The Shawl" by Cynthia Ozick and Walter Van Tillburg Clark’s "The Portable Phonograph" explore victims of war in the vivid settings that the authors have created. Although both works are vague as to geographic setting and place in time, the authors’ detailed descriptions of the character’s surroundings envelop the reader and lend an air of authenticity to the tales (Kauvar 180). "The Shawl" and "The Portable Phonograph" differ in their treatment of symbolism and characterization but their ingenious use of setting to create a theme unites these two stories. "The Shawl" and "The Portable Phonograph" both open with intense, haunting descriptions; Ozick shocks readers with her portrayal of "the Holocaust in searingly vivid sensory impressions" (Watson 892) and Clark dedicates his first three paragraphs to describing a desolate, war torn plain devoid of almost all life. Clark immediately creates a sense of a dangerous, foreboding world, describing a "sensation of torment" that "arose from the stillness of the earth air beneath the violence of the upper air" (Roberts 260). The reader is left with an impression, filled with detail, but moreover, overflowing with emotion. "The Shawl" and "The Portable Phonograph" contain objects that are critical to the stories and to the mental states of the characters contained within. In the former story, the Rosa believes the shawl protects her baby from the horrors of the Holocaust, the scrap of cloth provides her with hope that the next generation wi... ...rough their thoughts. The settings in these two stories act as more than simply a backdrop for a tale, they are used "to create meaning, just as painters include backgrounds and objects to render ideas" (Roberts 255).    Works Cited Kauvar, Elaine M. Cynthia Ozick’s Fiction: Tradition and Invention. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993. Magill, Frank N. ed. Critical Survey of Short Fiction, Vol. 2. Pasadena: Salem Press,1993. Roberts, Edgar V. and Jacobs, Henry E. Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 1998. Sheehy, Gail. Spirit of Survival. New York: William Morrow and Co., 1986. Stine, Jean C. ed. Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 28. Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1984. Watson, Noelle, ed. Reference Guide to Short Fiction. Detroit: St. James Press, 1994.   

Domestic Violence: A Deviant Behavior Essay

Domestic violence is a repetitive assault and intimidating behavior that one uses against a spouse, a child, or intimate partner. Domestic violence can affect everyone and anyone can be the abuser as well as anyone can be a victim. It does not matter what race you are, what your profession may be or if you are educated or uneducated. Domestic violence is usually committed in the household by a husband against his wife or other family members and they may commit other deviant acts. If a child is a part of domestic violence it is child abuse and if a married couple is a part of domestic violence it is spousal abuse. Domestic violence is also known as intimate violence usually because it can be physically and emotionally harmful between the heterosexual couple living together as well as in gay or lesbian relationships. Both domestic violence and intimate violence are also deviant behaviors. They are labeled as abuse in a variety of ways such as, emotional abuse, verbal abuse, denial of access to resources or money, restrains of normal activities or freedom, including isolation from friends or family members, threats to kill or harm, and physical intimidation or attacks. In extreme cases, domestic violence can result in a death or other serious injuries and there may also be other deviant behavior association. The history of domestic violence has been around the world before the birth of Christ and the perpetrators of domestic abuse has been said to have started in Rome. A husband was allowed to beat and whip his wife with a switch if she did not do what he asked her to do. For much of domestic violence history and throughout the world, social and legal traditions have tolerated or even promoted the physical assault of women by men. In the United States, domestic violence has also been around for centuries. However, in the United States, the women’s movement brought it out to the public in the early 1970s. Programs offered hotlines for battered women to call and they also offered shelters for women providing them with counseling, food and education. It was not until the 1990s, that the police began to view domestic violence as the serious problem that it really is. In many states, the police was informed not to threaten the abuser with arrest, but to arrest them. Also, if the police officer did not arrest the domestic abuser, they were fined. Other penalties were given to the domestic abuser by putting a restraining other on them and if they attempted to go around the victim they were put back in jail and held without bail. During the 1970s, there were many coalitions and groups that evolved. One group, the South Carolina Coalition Against Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault (SCCADVASA), a statewide coalition made up of the 22 domestic violence and sexual assault advocacy programs in South Carolina provided information that showed in ancient Rome a husband could legally divorce, physically punish, or even kill his wife for behaviors that were permitted for men. During this era, punishment of wives was called chastisement, a term that emphasized the corrective purpose of the action and minimized the violent nature of the behavior. Under medieval English common law, a husband could not be prosecuted for raping his wife because the law provided that a wife could not refuse consent for sex to her husband. Because much of laws in the United States were modeled on English common law, this definition of rape remained in effect in the United States until the 1970s, when many states modified their rape statutes. These studies showed that domestic violence can be very harmful to a relationship. Not only can it be harmful to a relationship, but literally can physically harm individuals such as children, husbands, wives and other family members. Domestic violence can be physically and emotionally straining for any woman or child to overcome and it is something no human should have to go through. The National Center for Disease Control (CDC) reports that one in four women (25%) has experienced domestic violence in her lifetime. Estimates range from 960,000 incidents of violence against a current or former spouse, boyfriend, or girlfriend to 3 million women who are physically abused by their husband or boyfriend per year. Between 600,000 and 6 million women are victims of domestic violence each year, and between 100,000 and 6 million men, depending on the type of survey used to obtain the data. Nearly three out of four (74%) of Americans personally know someone who is or has been a victim of domestic violence. 30% of Americans say they know a woman who has been physically abused by her husband or boyfriend in the past year. According to social learning theory, people engage in crime because of their association with others who engage in crime. Their criminal behavior is reinforced and they learn beliefs that are favorable to crime. They essentially have criminal models that they associate with. As a consequence, these individuals come to view crime as something that is desirable, or at least justifiable in certain situations. Learning criminal or deviant behavior is the same as learning to engage in conforming behavior: it is done through association with or exposure to others. In fact, association with delinquent friends is the best predictor of delinquent behavior other than prior delinquency. Every type of behavior is learned more so understood primarily by observation and imitation. This theory can be associated with the CNN news recently reporting of a 52 year old Cleveland, Ohio man named Ariel Castro, who is charged with kidnapping and raping three females. He allegedly abused these young women over a period of 10 years and telling the investigators he did it because he had been abused as a child. He is accused of beating them and raping them for almost a decade. Researchers say that most batterers have had a violent father growing up in a bad lifestyle causing unintentional harm to a young child’s brain into thinking that what is going on is the right thing to do, therefore, damaging the mindset making it easy for domestic violence to increase in our society today. The Federal Bureau of Justice Statistics Report showed that 95% of all documented domestic assault crimes are committed by men against women; in 1996 there were 15,000 calls to law enforcement agencies in Sacramento County for domestic violence response (FBI). It is very difficult to know the exact number of victims of domestic violence, especially sexual assault and other incidents committed by the intimate offenders, due to the many occurrences not reported to the police. There are many factors that victims consider in their decision not to report it to the police, but the greatest reason is the fear that threats to kill you or your family will become reality. Other reasons include embarrassment, shame and hopes that his promises to change will come true this time. There is an assumption in our society that there is a clear relationship between anger and physical violent behavior. However, anger is a human emotion and studies have shown that physical violence or abuse is a learnt behavior and the perpetrator is more often than not, going to repeat this behavior. All human beings experience anger at one time or another. People get angry with their supervisors, co-workers, neighbors and friends. Yet people don’t ordinarily kill or physically hurt others in order to get their way, and when they do, society holds them accountable. Physical violence as well as other forms of domestic abuse are measures that are taken by one person in order to force another person into compliance. The Bureau’s definition of domestic violence states a pattern of assault and coercive behavior. This includes physical, sexual, psychological and verbal attacks as well as coercion used against an intimate partner. In abusive relationships, there is a victim and a perpetrator and typically it is that of a married couple or a couple living together and there may even be children living with the couple. During these times, researchers and activists believe that the term spousal abuse is inappropriate, because the term is gender-neutral in that the abuse can be that of either a husband or wife. Some activists say that men are just as likely as women to be victims of abuse. However, in many of the hospital and police records, it shows women as the victims of domestic violence in intimate relationships. In intimidate relationships, the problem tends to be intimidation control of women by their man. According to CDC, intimate partner violence is defined as actual or threatened physical or sexual violence or psychological and emotional abuse directed toward a spouse, ex-spouse, current or former boyfriend or girlfriend, or current or former dating partner. Intimate partners may be heterosexual or of the same sex. As stated above, there are a few other terms used to describe intimate partner violence, such as domestic abuse, spousal abuse, and domestic violence. The U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics reported on intimate partner violence, which also included rape and sexual assault, and stalking. The report includes an estimate of the extent of crimes against females and the characteristics of crimes and victims. In 2008, females age 12 or older were five times more likely than males age 12 or older to be victims of intimate partner violence. In 2007, intimate partners committed 14% of all homicides in the U.S. The total estimated number of intimate partner homicide victims in 2007 was 2,340, including 1,640 females and 700 males. Females made up 70% of victims killed by an intimate partner in 2007, a proportion that has changed very little since 1993. Many offenders and victims range between the ages 18 to 30 years old, sex literally focuses more on women being affected by the physical abuse or verbal abuse that is being taken in from the violence. Due to low income, raised in a violent family, alcohol or drug abuse, unemployment, sexual difficulties, and low job satisfaction. These are just a few ways domestic violence can be triggered. As domestic violence affects women and children of every culture and all ages, in 2012 the White House made a public service announcement that â€Å"1 is 2 Many† on dating violence that young women still face the highest rates of dating violence and sexual assault. In the last year, it was also noted that one in 10 teens were reported being physically hurt on purpose by a boyfriend or girlfriend. Along with the physical violence, one in five young women have been sexually assaulted while they are in college. In our society, we tend to want to look the other way to this deviant behavior that affects everyone (Norwood, et.al.). Most people will not get involved if they see a man hitting on a woman or a child’s parent slapping or hitting them upside the head. We tend to give many excuses such as we don’t want to get involved or it is none of our business. Some people just stand around and take video on their cell phones to post on the internet instead of calling the police emergency. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, 26% of all female homicides in 1995 were attributable to domestic violence. During 1996, there were 25 domestic violence related homicides in Sacramento County, accounting for 29% of all homicides. These killings usually take place when the female partner wants to leave the relationship. Women who leave their batterers are at a 75% greater risk of being killed by the batterer than those who stay. If she succeeds in leaving without being killed, she usually finds herself in a maze of legal and financial problems. If there are children involved in the relationship, custody problems are sure to follow. Domestic violence also affects the children and it creates an environment where children will live in persistent fear. Children who live in this environment are unable to bond with either parent. These children will most likely be abused and neglected living under these conditions. Statistics show that over three million children witness violence in their home each year. Those who see and hear violence in the home suffer physically and emotionally. (USDJ) Developmental researchers’ show that children from violent households may restore normal development process, such as empathy and self-control and that would minimize the risk of further harm caused by exposure to abusive adult models. Studies also show that men are mostly the dominate human when it comes to what sex is causing the most pain and hardship to this situation, its women dealing with crazy husbands that were raised in a dysfunctional household as a child, and now they are being watched by their children and their children are imitating their every move thinking it is the right way to go and its not. On legal interventions about domestic violence, some researchers say is that social and public awareness about the domestic violence has increased, and the public wants to know why the justice system has not stepped up to stop the violence, rather than treating it as a private matter between consenting adults. Now that the public knows what causes domestic violence and what the future might bring from domestic violence society wants it silenced. Some young couples may begin cohabitating at a very young age and also begin having children before they are married and the abuse begins. For a child can be harmful mentally and somewhat physically. A couple that is not married, but live together with kids, and they both have children that are not each others can also be the cause of domestic violence towards one or the other child. In that child’s environment, he or she thinks that everything in their family is going smooth and all of a sudden the girlfriend gets into a heated argument with the boyfriend or visa-versa and the boyfriend moves out of the house. This unhealthy environment for a child can lead to months or years in cases of domestic violence. A variety of mental illnesses can also cause a case of domestic violence, such as a background of family adversity, leaving school early, juvenile aggression and tendencies. Conviction of other crimes, especially violent crimes, drug abuse and long term unemployment can be traits and paths to finding a dysfunctional, domestic household. Past research shows that self esteem, extreme jealousy, difficulties in regulating anger, and also strong emotion, when a dominant man feels inferior from their partner from an educational socioeconomic standpoint, some of these men with very strong and traditional beliefs may think that they have the right to control the women, and that women are not equal to men. That dominate behavior takes the form of emotional, sexual and physical abuse, studies show that violent behavior often is caused by an interaction of situational and individual factors, meaning that abusers learn abusive behaviors from their family members people they trust people they love, more so whom they look up to. Domestic violence is a series of violence, this cycle of violence exists because as the social learning theory states, children observe and learn these behaviors during their young childhood, the home is the first place where children are taught what is expectable and normal. For example, when a child is born into a cohabitant household, from age 2 to the age of 8, the child has adapted to that environment meaning the child is comfortable and will imitate or copy most of what their so called parents do around the house. Mimicking these behaviors such as getting in trouble in school at a young age, later dropping out of high school, getting in trouble with the law, or dying on our dangerous streets. This is what children see as normal and it is what leads to the continuing cycle of domestic violence. No one should want to subject these young children to this type of behavior. There are many physical, psychological, social consequences and health behaviors in domestic violence and many victims experience serious health problems. The CDC reports associates a number of physical adverse health outcomes. These health conditions may be a direct result of the physical violence (for example, bruises, knife wounds, broken bones, traumatic brain injury, back or pelvic pain, headaches). Other conditions are the result of the impact of intimate partner violence on the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, endocrine and immune systems through chronic stress or other mechanisms. Psychological consequences for the victims include anxiety, depression, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, antisocial behavior, and suicidal behavior in females. Many victims also experience social consequences, i.e., restricted access to services, strained relationships with health providers and employers, isolation from social networks and even homelessness. Women may display behaviors that present further health risks such as, substance abuse, alcoholism, and suicide attempts. These studies show that the more severe the violence, the stronger its relationship to negative health behaviors by victims as they may engage in high-risk sexual behavior, have unprotected sex, multiple sex partners, use harmful substances, drink alcohol or take drugs, and experience eating disorders (CDC). In conclusion, many studies show that domestic violence affects women and children of every culture, race, occupation, income levels and age groups. Although our society has shown progress through education and awareness of domestic violence, it still remains a crisis and our society need to continue in working to improve it. Domestic violence continues to be the number one public health issue facing women and children today, but it is also a violation of their human right, which should never be tolerated. Families in today’s society need to focus more on taking care of their family and not cause stress and emotional instability. It is hard enough for one parent to take care of family needs in a society where both parents need to work. Domestic violence should never be in a home subjecting this deviant behavior in front of children It has no place in our society and every human being has a right to live without fear and violence. Works Cited Thio, Alex, Jim D. Taylor, and Martin D. Schwartz. 2013 (11th edition). Deviant Behavior. Boston, MA: Pearson. Shaw, Victor. 2002. Substance Use and Abuse: Sociological Perspectives. Westport, CT: Praeger. Norwood, William D., Jouriles, Ernest N., McDonald, Renee and Swank, Paul R. Domestic Violence and Deviant Behavior. Swank 2004 NCJ 199713. http://www.cdc.gov/ViolencePrevention/intimatepartnerviolence/index.html. Internet: 17 April 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_learning_theory. Internet: 17 April 2013. www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/199713.pdf Internet: 17 April 2013. http://psychcentral.com/lib/2006/what-causes-domestic-violence/ Copyright  © 1995-2013 Psych Central. All rights reserved. Site last updated: 17 April 2013. https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/171666.pdf U.S. Department of Justice. Office of Justice Programs. Legal Interventions in Family Violence: Research Findings and Policy Implications. Internet: 17 April 2013. http://sociology.about.com/od/Sociological-Theory/a/Social-Learning-Theory.htm. Site last updated: 17 April 2013. http://www.sccadvasa.org/domestic-violence-facts-and-stats/overview-of-domestic-violence.html. Internet: 17 April 2013. http://www.whitehouse.gov/1is2many. Internet: 17 April 2013.

The Cautious and Paranoid Foreign Policy of John Adams

John Adams, a Federalist and Americas second president, conducted a foreign policy that was at once cautious, underrated, and paranoid. He sought to maintain Washingtons neutral foreign policy stance, but increasingly found himself grappling with France in the so-called Quasi-War during his only term in office, from 1797 to 1801. Adams, who had significant diplomatic experience as ambassador to England before the adoption of the Constitution, inherited bad blood with France when he took over the presidency from George Washington. His foreign policy responses rank from good to poor; while he kept the U.S. out of the full-blown war, he fatally hurt the Federalist party. Quasi-War France, which had helped the U.S. win independence from England in the American Revolution, expected the US to help militarily when France entered another war with England in the 1790s. Washington, fearing dire consequence for the young country, refused to help, opting instead for a policy of neutrality. Adams pursued that neutrality, but France began raiding American merchant ships. Jays Treaty of 1795 had normalized trade between the US and Great Britain, and France considered American commerce with England not only in violation of the Franco-American Alliance of 1778 but also lending aid to its enemy. Adams sought negotiations, but Frances insistence on $250,000 in bribe money (the XYZ Affair) derailed diplomatic attempts. Adams and the Federalists began building up both the US Army and Navy. Higher tax levies paid for the buildup. While neither side ever declared war, the US and French navies fought several battles in the so-called Quasi-War. Between 1798 and 1800, France captured more than 300 US merchant ships and killed or wounded some 60 American sailors; the US Navy captured more than 90 French merchant ships. In 1799, Adams authorized William Murray to make a diplomatic mission to France. Treating with Napoleon, Murray crafted a policy that both ended the Quasi-War and dissolved the Franco-American Alliance of 1778. Adams considered this resolution to the French conflict one of the finest moments of his presidency. Alien and Sedition Acts Adams and the Federalists brush with France, however, left them afraid that French revolutionaries might immigrate to the U.S., link up with the pro-French Democrat-Republicans, and stage a coup that would oust Adams, install Thomas Jefferson as president, and end Federalist domination in the US government. Jefferson, leader of the Democrat-Republicans, was Adams vice-president; however, they hated each other over their polarized governmental views. While they became friends later, they rarely spoke during Adams presidency. This paranoia prompted Congress to pass and Adams to sign the Alien and Sedition Acts. The acts included: The Alien Act: enabled the president to deport any resident alien he believed to be dangerous to the U.S.The Alien Enemies Act: enabled the president to arrest and deport any alien whose home country was at war with the US (an act aimed directly at France)The Naturalization Act: extended the length of residency required for an alien to become a US citizen from five to 14 years and prevented immigrants from voting against incumbent Federalist office-holdersThe Sedition Act: made it illegal to publish false, scandalous, or malicious material against the government; the president and justice department had such wide latitude to define those terms that this act nearly violated the First Amendment Adams lost the presidency to his rival Thomas Jefferson in the election of 1800. American voters could see through the politically driven Alien and Sedition Acts, and news of the diplomatic end to the Quasi-War arrived too late to mitigate their influence. In response, Jefferson and James Madison wrote  the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions.

Addressing Problems Of Urban Communities - 1728 Words

Addressing problems in urban communities should remain first priority. Poverty has been growing faster in many cities throughout America. Residents of poor urban areas face many sets of challenges that our community developers are not addressing that can alleviate issues within urban communities. If we can come together to fight against poverty, we can call for revitalization, we need many more new strategies to tackle problems that aren’t contained. Many authors address poverty within suburban communities as well; with discussions of suburbanization- that poverty is moving from cities to suburban areas as if the major problem of poverty is no longer an urban problem. However, a large proportion of residents in urban cities are poor compared to poor residents living suburbs. In the article Sampson â€Å"Neighbourhood and community: collective efficacy and community safety† Sampson discusses collective efficacy and community safety he believes if residents within the co mmunity control behaviors happening in the community and persons’ in the community can control behavior for a safer environment. He says he mostly focuses on â€Å"policy-related ideas that are tied mainly to crime and public safety, and do not rely excessively on formal mechanisms of control for example, mass incarceration that may ultimately erode the foundations of social capital and lead to the de-legitimation of government institutions in disadvantaged communities.† Inner cities in the United States generally haveShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The Persons With Disabilities Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesDisabilities have stated how mobility and transportation barriers affect their lives in relevant ways (Rosenbloom, 2007). 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Conversion Therapy And Its Effects On The Lgbtq Community

About 30 years ago, homosexuality was declassified as a mental disorder. It would be assumed that treatments for to change homosexuality would end. However, conversion therapy is still being used today, even our future Vice President, Mike Pence, believes in such treatment. That alone is a huge threat to people of the LGBTQ+ community. Conversion therapy is affecting the LGBTQ+ community greatly. Conversion therapy can be defined as â€Å"psychological interventions, from behavioral methods to psychoanalytic approaches† to change a person’s sexuality or gender identity (Hadelman, pg. 202, 2002). This treatment has been proven to not work as well as having harmful implications to LGBTQ+ people. In 1960, the conversion therapy movement began†¦show more content†¦NARTH heavily relies on the support of Southern Baptist, Mormon, Roman Catholic, and other religious organizations to promote conversion of homosexuality (Baxter, pg. 1, 2015). Love in Action, which was one of the first religious based organizations to participate in conversion therapy, was founded in 1973. By 1976, Exodus, a national coalition of ex-gay ministries was founded. There were hundreds of participates over the years and most went back to homosexual life. Interestingly enough, ex-gay ministries do not keep statistics on the success of their work. However, outside observers founded that â€Å"at least two-thirds of those in such groups give up within two years, and that over seventy-five percent of ex-gay organizations fail within five years† (Baxter, pg. 2, 2015). There are also no peer-reviewed articles that display any kind of success with conversion therapy. Even the cases that ex-gay ministries consider a person â€Å"cure† is when that person is asexual and refrains from any sexual encounters. This in turn is only a change in behavior, not sexual orientation. 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However, it is important to note that these estimates have wide margins of error because tracking statistics for marginalized communities is quite difficult. Furthermore, homeless LGBTQ+ youths also have challenges not faced by their cisgender-heterosexual (cis-het) homeless peers, including discrimination in non-LGBTQ+-specific youthRead MoreAnti Heterosexuality And Its Effects On Society1369 Words   |  6 Pagestheir internalized feelings from their friends, family, and colleagues, in order to avoid confronting this socially stigmatized part of their life, along with their own potential denial and self-hatred. Because of the stigmas attached to the LGBTQ community, one often feels that they have to hide this part of their life in order to maintain social and work relations, with pressure to conform to the heterosexually dominated culture. This causes internalized confusion because non-heterosexuals areRead MorePolicy Leader Interview : A Project Associate For The Center For S ocial Inclusion1130 Words   |  5 Pagesconferences. Although the work talk frequently occurs, the researchers do not get the chance to do the things they talk about; they do not personally implement new policy or programs, nor do they see the effects of that work. On the macro level, those working with social policy rarely get to see the effects of their work or see their vision realized during their lifetime. It would be naive to think that working for social inclusion will quickly lead to the elimination of racial inequality, given that theRead MoreSex Orientation And Sexual Orientation1820 Words   |  8 Pagessurgery, hormonal treatments, and even shock therapy (Beckstead 2012). 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But slowly the world is waking up and realizing that people, regardless of sexual orientation

Arnott Biscuits Limited Business Analysis & Strategy Free Solution

Question: Write an essay onArnotts Biscuits Limited. Answer: Introduction This study deals with company named as Arnotts Biscuits Limited. It is one of the largest food manufacturers in and across Australia and New Zealand (Winer and Dhar 2011). It employs more than 2400 staff members that serve best interest for the company. Products manufactured include baked snacks, simple means and healthy beverages. In this particular assignment, Arnotts Biscuits Limited STP is explained that aims at understanding the targeted customers. In the next part, marketing strategies is explained for smooth functioning of business enterprise (Sheehan 2011). Background of the company Arnotts is a company that produces biscuits as well as snacks in Australian market from the year 1865. This company has started as a small bakery opened in Hunter Street, North of Sydney as well as Newcastle and New South Wales (Peter and Donnelly 2011). This company supplies bread, pies as well as biscuits in local town people. Arnotts is one of the recognized brands in Australian market and considers by Australians in Australian history. Arnotts Biscuits Limited is the company who is serving over decade of experience in biscuit industry (Pasquier and Villeneuve 2012). It selects variety of biscuits. It is one of the largest in food and beverage sector in Asia. It involves in State-of-the art manufacturing makes it a good operations for the same. It indulges in long arm on parent company known as Campbells. It includes notable brands like Tim Tams and Salada and Cruiskits. It is shipped over 40 countries as well as good market shares (Paliwoda, Andrews and Chen 2012). Arnotts Arnotts Parent Company (Campbells) as Campbell Soup Company Sector Beverages Food Category Products (Food) Slogan No substitution Unique Selling Proposition Primary motive in health Wellbeing of consumers Segmentation Arnotts Biscuits Limited segmented in addressing healthy as well as quality conscious consumers for the same (Lee and Carter 2012). Targeting Arnotts Biscuits Limited targets middle as well as upper class. It tries focusing on children under age group of 12 (Lancaster and Massingham 2011). The company targets Brazilian food markets that posses main competitor. It aims at providing high standard products line in and around Australia. This company focus on getting into Brazilian market. Their strategy is to position Arnotts biscuits Tim Tam as High Standard brand. It is known by all over the world. It means that in justifying high price of the products, it ensures aggregate values in the final products in an overall manner (Kotler and Keller 2012). Geographic Arnotts Biscuits Limited focuses on major cities in and around Brazil. It mainly concentrates the consumer profile for smooth functioning of business organization (Kotler and Keller 2011). Demographics Arnotts Biscuits Limited focuses on age group that varies from consumer ranging 12 to 42 years (Kotabe and Helsen 2011). Gender includes males and females Income includes customer with monthly income of $ 3500 Psychographics Arnotts Biscuits Limited targets consumer that seeks quality products. It targets premium class customers who do not mind in paying extra for purchase of the products (Jolibert 2012). Behavioural Arnotts Biscuits Limited expects products for consuming on constant basis. Positioning Arnotts Biscuits Limited commits to the health of Australians. The main key factor in succeeding terms is brand positioning (Glynn and Woodside 2012). It develops images of the products and serves as an unique products produced in Brazil. Business needs to indulge in strong promise in Brazil as consumer profile targeting respective about imported brands. It has enough income for spending as well as providing better quality products in an overall manner (Dahlstrom 2011). Marketing mix strategy Arnotts Biscuits Limited believes in setting customers with product details and standardization as well as adaptation for the same. It ensures high standard product with unique taste in the most appropriate way (Clow and Baack 2012). Product Arnotts Biscuits Limited provides large range of products to its potential targeted customers. Products of Arnotts Biscuits Limited TimTam Shapes Sweet Biscuits Chocolate Biscuits Savoury Biscuits Crispbread Crackers Arnotts biscuits assortment reads like an honour roll in case of Australian tea time (Chernev 2012). It involves in perennial favourites like Tim Tams, Mint Slice as well as Iced Vo Vos and Jatz. It produces full range of biscuits, spanning of plain biscuits, chocolates as well as creams and fruits. It makes salted snack foods like chips, crisp breads and crackers in an overall manner (Blythe 2012). Place Arnotts Biscuits Limited serves its customers in and around Australia. It places its products in high standard stores as well as high standard imported in case of supermarket sessions in an effective way (Pasquier and Villeneuve 2012). Price Arnotts Biscuits Limited ranges from Rs 7, AUS3.50 in serving the best interest of potential customers (Pasquier and Villeneuve 2012). Promotion Arnotts Biscuits Limited aims at introducing products with the help of television and internet advertisements in tasting tents (Paliwoda, Andrews and Chen 2012). It is needed for the company for involving in online promotions in form of social networking sites. Arnotts Biscuits Limited does not advertise food and beverage products to children under the age group of 12 unless of following criteria: Products advertise represents health dietary choices and established scientific as well as Australian government standards (Paliwoda, Andrews and Chen 2012). Advertising as well as marketing communication activities refers in healthy lifestyle. It designs in appealing for intended audience with the help of messaging in an overall manner (Lancaster and Massingham 2011). Inculcates good dietary habits as well as established scientific and government criteria for the same (Lancaster and Massingham 2011). Indulges in physical activities in the near future. Resources needed Arnotts Biscuits Limited does not make any strategy in producing the products in Brazil. It is produced in Australia and shipped to Brazil for the same. Resources needed is smaller as well as products will not have good price advantages in Brazil (Paliwoda, Andrews and Chen 2012). Budget needed- 4 million dollars Budget Destinations- 3 to 5 million dollars invested in advertising campaigns for period of 6 months. It requires 500 thousands to offices and people needed expenses (Paliwoda, Andrews and Chen 2012). Recommendations On critical analysis, it is recommended that Arnotts Biscuits Limited should make way sin reaching and expanding customer range as far as possible. It should advertise products using social networking site as it popular this days. This company should try getting innovative ideas for future development in any form. It should conduct market research in understanding the needs as well as preferences of the targeted customers. They target premium class so it is necessary to focus on quality rather on quantity. It is because premium customers are ready to pay any price for extreme quality. These people are health conscious and relies on branded products whatsoever reasons. It should try in retaining the existing customers because existing customers are cost effective in comparison with acquisition of new customers in the market. Conclusion From the above study, it is important to understand the fact that Arnotts Biscuits Limited considers as the largest brand in food and beverage sector. It mentions about companys segmentation, targeting as well as positioning strategies for the same. It is noticed that company targets children who are interested in consuming tasty biscuits. It is for this reason that company produces and manufacturers tasty and healthy stuff for the kids. In the latter section, marketing mix strategies is explained with proper justification in the most appropriate. It is necessary to spend more money in promotion activities so that consumers remain aware of new products as well as services. Reference List Blythe, Jim. 2012.Marketing. London: SAGE Publications. Chernev, Alexander. 2012.Strategic Marketing Management. [Chicago, Ill.]: Cerebellum Press. Clow, Kenneth E and Donald Baack. 2012.Cases In Marketing Management. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE. Dahlstrom, Robert. 2011.Green Marketing Management. Mason, Ohio: South-Western / Cengage Learning. Glynn, Mark S and Arch G Woodside. 2012.Business-To-Business Marketing Management. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Jolibert, Alain. 2012.Marketing Management. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Kotabe, Masaaki and Kristiaan Helsen. 2011.Global Marketing Management. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Kotler, Philip and Kevin Lane Keller. 2011.A Framework For Marketing Management. Harlow: Pearson Education. Kotler, Philip and Kevin Lane Keller. 2012.Marketing Management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Lancaster, Geoffrey and Lester Massingham. 2011.Essentials Of Marketing Management. London: Routledge. Lee, Kiefer and S Carter. 2012.Global Marketing Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Paliwoda, Stanley J, Tim G Andrews, and Junsong Chen. 2012.Marketing Management In Asia. New York: Routledge. Pasquier, Martial and Jean-Patrick Villeneuve. 2012.Marketing Management And Communications In The Public Sector. New York: Routledge. Peter, J. Paul and James H Donnelly. 2011.A Preface To Marketing Management. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Sheehan, Brian. 2011.Marketing Management. Lausanne, Switzerland: AVA Pub. Winer, Russell S and Ravi Dhar. 2011.Marketing Management. Boston: Prentice Hall.

Le Barron V State Brief free essay sample

He appealed and the Wisconsin Supreme Court affirmed the conviction. Facts Jodean Randen, a housewife, wass walking home when she crossed paths with the Le Barron. He grabbed her and demanded her purse. She gave him the purse and started quickly walking away. When he discovered the purse was empty, he went after her, grabbed her, and told her not to scream. He then led her to the end of the bridge; she went willingly, fearing harm. As they approached the coal shack at the end of the bridge, he warned her not to do anything or he’d kill her. At this time, Ms. Randen thought le Barron had a knife. Inside the shack, Le Barron unzipped his pants and started pulling up the victim’s skirt and said â€Å"You know what else I want†. She was finally able to get his hand off of her mouth and told him that she was pregnant. We will write a custom essay sample on Le Barron V State Brief or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Le Barron realized that she was, in fact, pregnant and left her alone. He warned her that if she screamed or called the police, he would kill her. Appeal Le Barron appealed on the grounds that he desisted from the rape before he had the opportunity to form intent, and that the pregnancy, which caused him to desist was intrinsic and not an â€Å"extraneous factor† as is outlined in the statute (He had already formed the intent and would commit the crime except for another person’s intervention or another extraneous factor). Opinion The court said that it the defendant’s overt acts were sufficient to support the inference that he intended to rape the victim. He threatened Randen that he would kill her if she refused to cooperate. He forced her into the shack against her will * His comment, â€Å"You know what else I want†, and unzipping his pants and lifting her skirt The jury had the right to assume he was capable to carry out his threat if the victim resisted. They concluded that the jury could infer beyond a reasonable doubt from Le Barron’s overt acts that he had the intent to rape Randen. The argument that the pregnancy that caused defendant to desist does not qualify as an â€Å"extraneous factor† is in conflict with a previous holding in State v. Damms. The Court affirmed Rule of Law Overt acts are the primary means of determining intent. Note Case People v. Johnson 720 P. 2d 72 (Colo. App. 1987) Facts Following a fight with a friend outside a bar, Floyd Johnson, went to his house, got his . 22 rifle and ten cartridges, went back to the bar, crawled under a pickup truck across the street and sat in wait for his friend. He later testified that he at first intended to shoot the friend to â€Å"pay him back† for the beating he received earlier. The pickup truck’s owner arrived, the defendant got his keys, told him to sit in the truck, and gave him beer. He then got back under the truck to wait some more. Passerby’s alerted the police who arrested the defendant. He also testified that while waiting for his friend, he started sobering up and thinking things over. He removed the bullets from the gun and put them in his pocket, and made plans to have a party at his house with the people in the pickup. They were drinking and conversing when the police arrived. Opinion The Trial Court had not allowed the instruction on affirmative defense of abandonment and renunciation. The Appeals court reversed and sent it back to trial, so that the instruction could be given.